Melanin is the pigment that produces the various shades and colours of human skin, hair, and eyes. Colouration (pigmentation) is determined by the amount of melanin within our skin. Without melanin, our skin would be pale white with shades of pink caused by blood flow through the skin. Fair-skinned people produce very little melanin, whilst darker-skinned people produce moderate amounts, and very dark-skinned people produce the most melanin.
People with albinism have little or no melanin hence their skin appears white or pale pink. Usually, melanin is fairly evenly distributed within our skin, but sometimes individuals may have spots or patches of skin with more melanin.
Melanin is produced by specialised cells that are called melanocytes. Melanocytes are scattered amongst other cells in the deepest layer of the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) called the basal layer. After melanin is produced, it spreads into other nearby skin cells.
Pigmentation problems occur when there’s abnormal production and deposition of melanin in the skin. Factors like genetics, sun exposure, hormonal imbalances, and inflammation contribute to pigmentation issues.
Types of Pigmentation:
Pigmentation can occur in different layers of the skin:
Birthmarks are a benign irregularity in the skin which normally occurs at birth or appears shortly after birth, they can occur anywhere on the skin. Birthmarks are caused by an overgrowth of blood vessels, melanocytes, smooth muscle, fat, fibroblasts, or keratinocytes.
How Laser Treatment Works for Pigmentation:
Selective Absorption: The laser emits a specific wavelength of light that is focused on the pigmented lesion without damaging the surrounding skin.
Shattering Pigment: The laser heats up and shatters the pigment, breaking it down.
Surface Removal: The fragmented pigment is drawn to the skin’s surface and eliminated without harming the surrounding tissue.
Even Tone and Complexion: As the treated area heals, the pigmented lesions fade or flake off, leaving the skin with a more even tone and complexion.
Specific types of pigmentation differ:
Severity and depth:
Location: the location of the pigmentation matters:
Consultation:
Before treatment advice:
After laser treatment, it’s crucial that you follow proper care to ensure optimal healing and minimise any discomfort.
Individual outcomes differ multiple sessions ( 4 to 6) are usually recommended in order yield optimal results.
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